Statins May Reduce Cancer Risk.

Through previous clinical and laboratory studies, researchers have determined that lipids (fats) play a role in cancer. CholesterolA type of lipid, cholesterol is part of a group of molecules called steroids. Cholesterol is essential for the structure and function of our cellular membranes. Testosterone and estrogen are other steroids that are very similar to cholesterol in structure. , a common type of lipidA class of biomolecule. Lipids all share the common feature of being hydrophobic . Lipids are one of four classes of biomolecules that make up the majority of the materials in our cells. Other classes are proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids., is the target of cholesterol-lowering drugs - the statins. Statins reduce the amount of LDL-cholesterol, a type linked to heart disease, by inhibiting specific enzymes. Researchers already know that statins reduce the risk of cardiovascular events like heart attacks but the potential effects of statins on cancer risk has yet to be explored. Lead author Paul Carter, Cardiology Academic Clinical Fellow at the Department of Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK is attempting to determine the role of statins in cancer prevention by using human genetics.

For this study, researchers used a technique called 'Mendelian randomization' that allows the researchers to identify genetic combinations that have the same effects as statins. The researchers attempted to find out if genetic combinations that lowered cholesterol would also reduce risk of cancer. Using the UK biobank, a large collection of treatment and diagnoses data, researchers identified associations between genetic variations controlling cholesterol and the risk of cancer for over 360,000 participants. The researchers determined that a statin target, the HMGCR enzymeA protein that speeds up the process of chemical reactions in the body without becoming altered in the process. Almost every biological process is driven by the activity of enzymes. Without enzyme catalysts, the complex reactions that build and break down cell parts would not happen at a rate compatible with life. Enzyme names usually describe the reaction that is being catalyzed and all of them end in -ase., was associated with an overall cancer risk. This suggests that using statins to inhibit the enzyme may lower the risk of cancer. Surprisingly, researchers also found that targets of other cholesterol lowering drugs were not associated with a risk of cancer. This may be because statin lowers cancer risk through an unknown pathway that is not related to cholesterol.