Pegfilgrastim

Brand name: Neulasta®

IUPAC: (2R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-6-[(1S,2R)-1-amino-1-carboxypropan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-4-hydroxy-5-[[2-(2-methoxyethoxycarbonylamino)acetyl]amino]-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid

FDA approval: Yes

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Usage:

Pegfilgrastim comes as a solution (liquid) to inject subcutaneously (under the skin). It is usually given as a single dose for each chemotherapyTreatment of cancer patients with anticancer drugs. Commonly called 'chemo'. These drugs work by attacking cell growth or division. Often these agents are used in combination to take advantage of their different modes of attack on cell division. cycle, no sooner than 24 hours after the last dose of chemotherapy of the cycle is given and more than 14 days before beginning the next chemotherapy cycle. Your doctor will tell you exactly when you should use pegfilgrastim.

Pegfilgrastim is a growth factorA substance that stimulates cell division. Growth factors are usually small proteins or steroid hormones. They may be secreted by the same cells on which they act or by cells that reside in a different part of the body than the target cells. Some examples of growth factors include estrogen, a growth factor for breast cells, and VEGF, a growth factor that causes the development of blood vessels. Several different anti-cancer treatments are designed to inhibit the activity of growth factors. that stimulates the production, maturation and activation of neutrophils.  Pegfilgrastim also stimulates the release of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) from the bone marrow.  In patients receiving chemotherapy, pegfilgrastim can accelerate the recovery of neutrophils, reducing the neutropenic phase (the time in which people are susceptible to infections).  Pegfilgrastim is a long-acting version of filgrastim. Pegfilgrastim is filgrastim with a substance called polyethylene glycol (PEG) attached to it.  The attachment process is called pegylation, and is used to allow active substances (the filgrastim) to stay in the body longer before they are broken down and eliminated.

Mechanism:

Pegfilgrastim is a colony-stimulating factor that acts on hematopoietic cells by binding to specific cell surface receptors, thereby stimulating proliferationRefers to cell division. The proliferation rate is an indicator of how quickly a tumor is growing. The proliferation rate may be represented as a percentage, showing what fraction of the cells are actively involved in the division process., differentiationThe maturation of a stem cell into a fully functional cell. Fully differentiated cells are often not able to divide and many cancers are thought to arise via mutations in the small number of stem cells that remain in the tissue., commitment, and end cell functional activation.

Side effects:

Side effects include chills，cough，fever，sore throat，ulcers，sores，or white spots in the mouth。