射频消融

RadioFrequencyAblation.jpg

长期以来人们都知道,如果温度升高到 42°C/108°F, 正常的细胞功能就会停止。而大面积细胞的死亡--坏死--将在温度超过 46°C/115°F发生。 用热量杀死细胞是一种可能的癌症治疗方法;必须采取措施尽量减少对周围健康细胞的加热。

射频消融术 (RFA) 是一种具有侵入性的手术,它利用电脉冲加热在肿瘤内的探头。探头可以是单一并且拥有棒状结构的,也可以是一个包含几根较小导线的空心杆。一旦插入到肿瘤里,较小的电线可以被推出,以到达更多的肿瘤。 1 2

射频消融可以在完全麻醉的开放手术中进行,也可以通过将探头插入皮肤进行。 探头的放置可以通过超声波,磁共振成像(MRI)和/或通过计算机辅助的体层扫描(CAT或CT)进行引导。治疗后,肿瘤中的细胞会死亡,只留下伤疤。

射频消融治疗的癌症包括肝癌3 4 , 转移性结直肠癌5 , 肺癌6 7 8 以及肾癌。9

如果出现其他肿瘤,射频消融可以多次进行。
与手术切除肿瘤相比,该肿瘤的有效性仍有待确定。10 11

有关此主题的更多信息,请参阅Robert A. Weinberg的The Biology of Cancer

用热量杀死癌细胞

在一项含有人类乳腺癌细胞的小鼠进行的研究中,以肿瘤细胞为目标的纳米针作为了直接加热肿瘤的方法。抗肿瘤抗体被连接到含有氧化铁颗粒的非常小的球体上。注射这些“生物探针“会导致粒子与肿瘤细胞的表面结合。

当在肿瘤附近施加交变磁场(AMF)时,配合物中的铁的化学性质使它们迅速旋转。旋转运动产生的热量使肿瘤细胞的温度迅速升到46°C/115°F以上,导致肿瘤细胞死亡。要使这个技术起作用,旋转的频率要确定不会对旁边的细胞有伤害。

在小鼠的实验中,应用的治疗显著降低了肿瘤生长。重要的是,这种影响与通过AMF传递的热量成正比。最有效,无毒的治疗方式是长时间的低振幅AMF。自从这项研究开展以来,新的纳米颗粒已经被开发出来,它们比AMF有更好的反应,有可能减少治疗肿瘤所需的AMF的数量。12

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